When considering a healthy pregnancy, it is advisable to begin planning as early as possible.
According to Dr. Yan Yu Chen, an obstetrician and gynecologist at Piedmont, “A significant proportion of pregnancies—estimated at 40-50%—are unplanned. It is essential for all women of reproductive age to utilize a reliable form of birth control. This ensures that when they are ready to embark on family planning, they can discontinue contraceptive use and implement lifestyle changes conducive to a healthy pregnancy.”
- Plan for Pregnancy in Advance
Dr. Chen emphasizes that the most critical period for organogenesis—the formation of the fetus’s organs—occurs very early in pregnancy. An unplanned pregnancy increases the likelihood of fetal exposure to modifiable risks, such as medications, drugs, or alcohol.
Planning for pregnancy also enables you and your healthcare provider to effectively manage any chronic health conditions, such as hypertension. If necessary, your physician can assist in transitioning to medications that are safer during pregnancy. - Incorporate Daily Prenatal Vitamins
Dr. Chen recommends initiating a daily prenatal vitamin regimen containing 400 mcg of folic acid prior to attempting conception. This practice can significantly reduce the risk of neural tube defects and malformations of the brain and spine. Prenatal vitamins should be continued throughout the pregnancy and extended into the postpartum period. For those who experience difficulty swallowing traditional prenatal vitamins, gummy alternatives are available over the counter. An early start may also alleviate symptoms of morning sickness. - Ensure Immunizations are Current Prior to Pregnancy
Before attempting to conceive, Dr. Chen advises that individuals verify their vaccination status, as certain live vaccines, such as MMR (measles, mumps, rubella) and varicella, are contraindicated during pregnancy. Recommended vaccinations include Tdap, influenza, COVID-19, and even monkeypox, all of which help mitigate the risk of infections and complications. The Tdap vaccine is typically administered between 27 and 36 weeks of gestation to protect the newborn from whooping cough at birth. - Establish Regular Prenatal Care
Regular prenatal care is a vital component of a healthy pregnancy.
“While the majority of pregnancies progress normally, approximately 25% of women may experience a miscarriage during the first trimester,” Dr. Chen notes. “Routine prenatal care allows for coordinated management to minimize risks to both mother and baby.”
This includes screening for and addressing infections that could lead to miscarriage or preterm labor.
“During the initial visit, we can confirm the pregnancy dates and ensure proper placement through an early ultrasound,” Dr. Chen adds.
She particularly recommends establishing early care if any vaginal bleeding occurs, as ectopic pregnancies can pose significant health risks. - Maintain an Active Lifestyle During Pregnancy
If you are already engaged in regular exercise and have received approval from your healthcare provider, it is generally safe to continue your exercise routine during pregnancy with appropriate modifications. For those not currently exercising, it is advisable to consult with your physician regarding safe methods to initiate physical activity.
“Exercise during pregnancy is encouraged,” Dr. Chen states. “It is an integral aspect of a healthy lifestyle and offers numerous benefits during pregnancy. Regular exercise has been shown to reduce the risk of gestational diabetes, decrease the likelihood of operative deliveries, and shorten postpartum recovery time. Safe exercise options include walking, aerobic activities, dancing, stretching/yoga, and stationary cycling.” - Achieve a Healthy Weight Gain During Pregnancy
Dr. Chen cautions against the common notion of “eating for two.” Most women require only an additional 300 calories per day during pregnancy.
It is crucial to gain weight in a healthy manner throughout pregnancy.
“Obstetricians recommend specific weight gain ranges based on pre-pregnancy BMI,” she explains. “For individuals classified as obese (BMI >30), a weight gain of no more than 11 to 20 pounds is recommended. For those who are overweight (BMI 25-29.9), a gestational weight gain of 15 to 25 pounds is appropriate. Individuals within the normal BMI range should aim for a gain of 25 to 45 pounds, while those who are underweight may gain up to 40 pounds.”
Gaining less weight does not appear to adversely affect fetal growth or outcomes, provided the baby is developing adequately.
“Moreover, obesity, diabetes, and hypertension are all risk factors for preterm labor and delivery,” she adds.
Consulting with a dietitian or nutritionist prior to or during pregnancy can help ensure that you are consuming the appropriate foods to support both your health and that of your baby. - Prioritize Mental Health
“If you have a history of anxiety or depression, it is important to address these conditions,” Dr. Chen advises. “I may refer patients to a therapist or recommend medication, depending on the severity of their symptoms.” - Discuss Substance Use with Your Provider
If you suspect you may be struggling with addiction to tobacco, alcohol, or drugs, it is crucial to discuss this with your healthcare provider, despite any apprehension. This conversation is vital for the health and well-being of both you and your baby.
“There are numerous safe strategies we can employ to assist you in managing addiction during pregnancy if we are informed,” Dr. Chen states. “The sooner you bring it to our attention, the sooner we can collaboratively address it.” - Seek Medical Attention When Necessary During Pregnancy
Emergency medical care should be sought if you experience any of the following symptoms during pregnancy:
- Severe abdominal pain, with or without bleeding
- Persistently high blood pressure above 140/90 or significantly elevated above 160/100
For any inquiries regarding conception or maintaining health during pregnancy, please consult your gynecologist or primary care provider.
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